Zaltoprofen

Introduction

Generic Name: Zaltoprofen
Brand Names: Soleton®

Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₁₄O₃S

Zaltoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. It belongs to the arylpropionic acid group of NSAIDs and has been widely prescribed for various musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis and postoperative pain. In the year 1993 this drug was approved in Japan.

Mechanism of Action

Zaltoprofen works primarily by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are the chemical messengers involved in pain and inflammation.

Additionally, Zaltoprofen is also reported to have a peripheral analgesic mechanism, specifically by inhibiting the release of bradykinin, which is a peptide that promotes pain and inflammation.

Uses

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Zaltoprofen is commonly prescribed for managing chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Its ability to reduce inflammation and joint stiffness helps improve mobility and alleviate pain, providing relief to patients suffering from these degenerative joint disorders.
Postoperative Pain
This drug is effective in managing postoperative pain, particularly following surgeries involving the musculoskeletal system. Its anti-inflammatory properties help control postoperative swelling, leading to faster recovery times.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
This drug is also used in treating ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the spine and large joints. By reducing inflammation and pain, it helps enhance the quality of life for patients dealing with this chronic condition.
Other Musculoskeletal Pain
This drug is prescribed for various forms of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain, including sprains, strains, and sports injuries, where its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are beneficial.

Dosage

The typical dosage of Zaltoprofen is based on the patient’s condition and medical history. It is important to follow the healthcare provider’s recommendations.

Adults: The recommended dose for adults is 80 mg taken two to three times daily after meals to minimize gastrointestinal irritation.

The maximum daily dose of this drug should not exceed 240 mg, and long-term use should be closely monitored by a healthcare provider to prevent the risk of adverse or side effects.

Side Effects

Like other NSAIDs, Zaltoprofen is also associated with a range of potential side effects

Common Side Effects:

Nausea and vomiting
Gastrointestinal discomfort (e.g., indigestion, diarrhea)
Dizziness or headache

Serious Side Effects:

Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers: Prolonged use or high doses of this drug may still lead to serious risk of gastrointestinal complications.
Renal impairment: Zaltoprofen may also affect kidney function, particularly in individuals who have pre-existing kidney conditions.
Increased cardiovascular risk: As with other NSAIDs, Zaltoprofen may also increase the risk of heart attacks or strokes, particularly when taken for long-term use or in patients who have pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.

Contraindications

Zaltoprofen is contraindicated in certain patient populations due to its potential risks.

Patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcers
Severe renal or hepatic impairment
Known hypersensitivity to Zaltoprofen or other NSAIDs
Pregnant women : Like other NSAIDs, Zaltoprofen is not recommended in pregnant women. Always consult your healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

As with other NSAIDs, Zaltoprofen can interact with various medications, leading to altered effects or increased risks of adverse reactions.

Anticoagulants: Leads to increased risk of bleeding when taken with drugs like warfarin or heparin.
Antihypertensives: NSAIDs like Zaltoprofen can reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
Corticosteroids: Increased risk of gastrointestinal side effects such as ulcers or bleeding when used concurrently with corticosteroids.
Diuretics: Increased risk of kidney problems when taken alongside diuretics, especially in patients who already have pre-existing renal impairment.

Warnings and Precautions

Gastrointestinal Risks:
Zaltoprofen, like other NSAIDs, has a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and perforation, especially in the elderly patients or those who have a history of gastrointestinal disease. Patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as black, tarry stools or vomiting blood. Gastroprotective agents like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may also be recommended in long-term users of Zaltoprofen.
Cardiovascular Events:
Patients who are at a risk of cardiovascular disease should use Zaltoprofen at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke. Patients with a history of heart disease or stroke should also consult their healthcare provider before using Zaltoprofen.
Kidney Health:
Patients with compromised kidney function or those using Zaltoprofen in combination with other nephrotoxic drugs should strictly have their renal function regularly monitored.
Pregnancy and Lactation:
Zaltoprofen should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm. While limited data are available on its excretion in breast milk, caution is advised when administering Zaltoprofen to breastfeeding mothers.

General Information

Administration: Zaltoprofen should be taken with food to minimize the effect of gastrointestinal discomfort. Patients should also avoid alcohol during treatment to reduce the risk of stomach irritation or bleeding.
Monitoring: Regular monitoring of kidney function and blood pressure is recommended for long-term therapy patients, especially in the high-risk populations such as the elderly or in those with pre-existing conditions.
When to Seek Medical Attention: Patients should contact their healthcare provider if they experience symptoms such as severe gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms such as intense or burning chest pain, or signs of kidney impairment, such as decreased or altered urine output.

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